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The rules of intonation, the definition of each rule, the method of mastering it, and the consequent mastery of the correct reading of the Noble Qur’an and knowledge of its meanings as well.

And the science of Tajweed rules is the science concerned with the correct recitation of the Noble Quran by following the foundations laid down by scholars for Tajweed rules, which they established based on the way the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, recited the Holy Qur’an. Attributes and articulation point and their rights from the extension, nasal sounds, idhar, or others without mistakes or distortion.

This is what we will learn about in this article about the Tajweed Rules and learning quran online, Insha’allah

Full Tajweed Rules

At first, you should know that the Tajweed rules of the Quran have several sections and parts that complement each other, and these Parts are: –

Rules of seeking refuge and basmalah.
Rules of Noon sakin and tanween
The Rules of the noon and meem mushadadteen.
The rules of the meem sakinah.
The madd “stretching” and its divisions.

We will explain each of these sections in detail in tins article Insha’allah .. let us start with the first section.

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Rules of seeking refuge and basmalah.

Seeking refuge with Allah is protection from the accursed Satan and his whispers, and it has several formulas mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, including:

“فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ”

which is your saying:
أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ .
“God is the helper of the devil.”

And also from the saying of the Highest:

“وَإِمَّا يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ.”

It is your saying:

أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم،

and many other formulas.

And its ruling on reading is mustahab “preferred”, and it was said that it is obligatory, and the more correct that it is preferred

And it has two cases:-

The first case is aloud: this is in the case of reading in front of a group of people, such as teaching students and reciting on occasions, and here the reader begins to seek refuge with Allah first before reading.
The second case is Hiding: this is in the case of reciting during prayer or in other than the cases mentioned aloud, such as when the reader recites a secret recitation in which his voice does not rise, or he recites with a group of people and he is not the one who begains the recitation, or when he is alone himself, whether the recitation is Covert or overt, and in these cases, the reciter pronounces the basmalah directly without seeking refuge with it before it.

As for the basmalah, it is a word derived from the saying:
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

It is obligatory at the beginning of every surah except for Surat al-Tawbah. In the middle of the surah, the reader has the choice between the basmalah or not.

But if the basmalah falls between two surahs, it has several cases:

Interrupt all: It is reading the last of the first surah, then standing, then reciting the pronunciation of the basmalah, then standing, then reading the beginning of the second surah, such as:
“وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ.” Then he stops, then says: “بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم” Then he stands, then says: “Say: قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ.”
join all: It is reading the end of the first surah, then the basmalah, then the beginning of the second surah without stopping between them, such as:
“وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ”.
Interrupt the first and joined the second with the third: which is reciting the end of the first surah, then stoping, then reciting the pronunciation of the basmalah with the beginning of the second surah without stopping between them, such as: “وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ” and then stops, then says: “بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ”.
Connect the first with the second and cut off the third: it is reciting the end of the first surah, then the basmalah, then standing, then reciting the beginning of the second surah. and this is not prefererd dute to confution for the listner for thinking is this from the first surah?!
such as “وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم” then stop, then say “قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ”.

The Basmalah with Istihaadah has similar to these four aspects, which are:

cut all: This is like: أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ” then stop , then say “بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم” then stop, then say: “قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ”
join all: and that is like “أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ”
cut the first and join the second with the third: This is like: “أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ” then stop, then say: “بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ”
The first joined to the second and cut the third: this is like: ““أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم” then stop, then say: ” قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ”.

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Rules of Noon sakin and tanween

In the beginning, and before we know the provisions of noon sakina and tanween, we must first know what they are and what they mean.

noon sakin: It is what is not above any of the three movements (Fataha – Damma – Kasra)

As for the tanween, it is extra noon that attaches to the end of the noun, and it is pronounced and not written, for example the word “عليم” is “عليمًا” and is not “عليمن.”

The noon sakin and tanween have four rulings, each of which we will discuss in detail in this article:

First: the Idhar “clear”

It is the statement of the letter and pronouncing it from its point of view without mixing, inverting, or concealing

And the letters in which the manifestation is six: “Hamza – Khaa – Haa – Ha’a – Al-Ain – Al-Ghain.” They are all letters that come out of the throat, and that is why it is called the annular manifestation.
Idhar is of three levels:

The upper level of Idhar: In this rank, the letters hamza and haa come out from the outermost part of the throat, so it is called the upper rank because its letters come out from the top of the throat.
Middle Idhar Rank: Its letters are Al-Ain and Al-Ha’, and these letters come out from the middle of the throat.
The lowest level of Idhar: It includes the two letters (al-ghain and khaa), which come from the lower throat.
There are many examples of Idhar, and we will mention an example for you, one of them:
الهمزة: (كلٌ آمن)
الخاء: (يومئذٍ خاشـعة)
الحاء: (عليمٌ حكيم)
العين: (حقيقٌ على)
الغين: (قولاً غير)
الهاء: (جرفٍ هار)

Second: Idgham “Mixing”

It is the mixing a sakin letter with mutharek letter “voweled letter” to produce one mushadd “doubled” letter.

And its six letters are: (yaa – ra – meem – lam – waw – noon) and it is a group in the word يرملون.

Its ruling is that it is obligatory, so if one of these letters occurs after the noon sakin or tanween, it is necessary to merge between them.

Idgham is divided into two parts:

Firstly, idgham with ghunna “nasal sound”, or what the tajweed scholars call incomplete idgham.

And its four letters are: (yaa – noon- mim – waw), which is a group in the word (ينمو).

And this is an example of the obligation to be mixed with a ghunnah if one of these four letters are combined with the noon sakin and the tanween, for example:
(ومن يعمل من الصالحات وهو مؤمن فلا يخاف ظلمًا ولا هضمًا).

There are other examples of each of these four letters:

- الياء: (مَنْ يَّعْمل) – (عيناً يَّشرب)
- النون: (مِنْ نَّاصرين) – (أمشاجٍ نَّبْتَليه)
- الميم: (مِنْ مَّال) – (شيئاً مَّذكوراً)
- الواو: (مِنْ وَّال) – (جوعٍ وَّآمنهم)

Secondly, Idgham without ghunah
It occurs when the noon sakin or tanweem meets one of the remaining two letters of the six idgham letters (ra’ and lam), where you have merge that type, but the expression of ghanna is not obligatory.

As God – the Almighty – said:
“قَيِّمًا لِّيُنذِرَ بَأْسًا شَدِيدًا مِّن لَّدُنْهُ وَيُبَشِّرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا”

Important note: There are four words in the Noble Qur’an whose letters are idgham letters, but they are not merged, and they are called idhar mutlak, which are (الدنيا – بنيان – قنوان – صنوان).

Third: Iqlab “Changing”

It is to change a letter into another letter, with ghunnah and hiding in the first letter, which is noon sakin and tanween, and it is by changing the noon sakin and tanween to the letter meem and then hiding this letter meem in the baa, so the pronunciation becomes easier and easier.

The letter baa (ب) is the only letter for Iqlab, and its sign in the Qur’an is to place the letter (م) above noon sakin or tanween.

1. And Iqlab also has cases :
2. The Iqlab may come in one word, such as: (لَيُنبَذَنَّ).
3. It may come between the letters of two words, such as: (مِّن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ)
4. It may come with tanween, such as: (عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُور).

Fourth: Ikhfa “Hiding”

It is a state between Idhar and idgham without “Shaddah” doubling, with the ghanna remaining in noon sakin or tanween.

And the Ikhfa letters are the remaining fifteen letters of the total Arabic language after deleting the Idhar, idgham and iqlab letters.

Ikhfa letters are:

(الصاد – الذال – الثاء – الكاف – الجيم – الشين – القاف – السين – الطاء – الزاي – الفاء – التاء – الضاد – الظاء).

Ikhfa is like Idhar, it has three levels, high, middle and low

The upper case: its letters are three, which are: (الطاء – الدال – التاء), and in it, these letters are close to the exit from the noon sakin and tanween.
the Lower: its letters are (القاف والكاف), and in it, these letters are far from the exit from noon sakin and tanween.
As for the middle one: its letters are the remaining letters of the fifteen letters for Ikhfa, which are: (الصاد – الذال – الثاء الجيم – الشين – السين – الزاي – الفاء – الظاء – الضاد), and in which these letters are not far from the exit of noon sakin and not close to it either. Rather, it is a middle ground between the two.

In this section, there are illustrative examples for each of these letters:

الصاد: (مِّن صَدَقَةٍ)
الذال: (مَّن ذَا الَّذِي)
الثاء: (شَهِيداً ثُمَّ)
الكاف: (كِتَابٌ كَرِيمٌ)
الجيم: (فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ)
الشين: (غَفُورٌ شَكُور)
القاف: (سَمِيعٌ قَرِيبٌ)
السين: (قَوْلاً سَدِيدًا)
الدال: (وَكَأْسًا دِهَاقًا)
الطاء: (مِن طِينٍ)
الزاي: (مِن زَوَالٍ)
الفاء: (مِن فَضْلِ)
التاء: (وَمَن تَابَ)
الضاد: (مَن ضَلَّ)
الظاء: (مِن ظَهِيرٍ)

Rules of the meem and noon mushadadah

And the meem mushaddad is what was originally a meem after another meem, then they were combined and made one meem, and the shaddah (ّ) was added to indicate the change that happened to them.

And noon mushaddad as well.

In this case, it must have ghunnah and stand on it by two harakat “movements”.

and ghunnah is a slight ringing sound coming from the farthest part of the nose (specifically the nostril area).

One movement is the amount of the finger jointed and extended.

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Rules of the meem Sakin

The definition of the meem sakin is exactly the same as the definition of noon sakina, which is free of the three movements (fatha, damma, and kasra).

The meem sakin has three rules on tajweed rules, which are:

oral Idhar
Oral Ikhfa
Oral Idhgam

First: The Oral Idhar

And it is like the annular Idhar in the definition, it is the clarification of the letter and its taking it out from its exit without merging, changing, or hiding.

Its letters are twenty-six letters, which are all the twenty-eight letters of the Arabic alphabet, except baa and meem.

Oral Idhar is obligatory if the meem sakin occurs before any of these twenty-six letters.

It is called safawy because meem sakin comes out of the lips when it precedes one of the twenty-six letters.

Examples of Oral Idhar from the Holy Quran:-

الهمزة: (عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ)
التاء: (أَمْ تَقُولُونَ)
الجيم: (أَمْ جَعَلُواْ)
الحاء: (أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ)
الخاء: (أَمْ خُلِقُوا)
الدال: (عَلَيْهِمْ دَائِرَةُ)
الذال: (وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُم)
الراء: (جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ)
الزاي: (أَمْ زَاغَتْ)
السين: (أَمْ لَهُمْ سُلَّمٌ)
الشين: (لَهُمْ شَرَابٌ)
الصاد: (وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ)
الضاد: (آبَاءَهُمْ ضَالِّينَ)
الطاء: (عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا)
الظاء: (وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ)
العين: (هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ)
الغين: (فَإِنَّهُمْ غَيْرُ مَلُومِينَ)
الفاء: (وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ)
القاف: (أَوْ هُمْ قَائِلُونَ)
الكاف: (إِلَيْكُمْ كِتَابًا)
اللام: (أَمْ لَكُمْ)
النون: (أَمْ نَحْنُ)
الهاء: (بُرْهَانَكُمْ هَذَا)
الواو: (حِسَابُهُمْ وَهُمْ)
الياء: (أَمْ يُرِيدُونَ)

Second: The Oral Idgham

its definition is also like the definition of Idgham that we have already talked about in the rulings of noon sakin and tanween, which is the combination of a sakin letter and a voweled one to produce one mushadad letter.

And its letter is “meem م ” and its ruling is also obligatory if a voweled meem (the slurring letter) is preceded by a consonant meme, such as (فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ), and the saying of the Almighty: (أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ).

Third: Oral Ikhfa

Its definition is also like the definition of Ikhfa that we talked about earlier, and it is arranged between Idhar and idhgam without tashdeed with the ghunnah remaining in noon sakin or tanween.

And the letter of the oral Ikhfa is only one letter, which is the ba ب, so if the meem sakin precedes that letter, the oral Ikhfa is required.

It was also called oral because meem and baa sakin came out of the lips.

And an example from the Holy Qur’an: (ترميهمْ بحجارة)

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Rules of Madd and Its Sections

Prolonging the pronunciation of one of the three letters of Madd “stretching” (alif – waw – ya), lengthening means that the reader increases the number of movements to more than two, and this is due to the presence of one of the causes of madd that we will also mention in this article.

Sections Of Madd

There are two types of Madd, Tabi’ee “natural” Maad and Far’iee “Secondary” Madd.

Tabi'ee "natural" Maad

It is one of the three letters of madd (الألف – الواو – الياء), provided that the pre-alif has fatha, and the pre-waw has dammah, and the pre-yaa has kasrah.

The amount of natural madd is two movements, and the movement, as we mentioned, is the amount of joining and extending the finger.

Examples of natural madd from the Holy Quran:

(والضحَى) The alif that is here is still and what is before has fatha, and therefore the natural madd is required by two movements.

(قالُوا) The waw here is sakin and what came before it has dammah.

(إنّ المتّقِين) So here is static, and what came before it has kasrah.

This is the natural Madd.

Far'iee "Secondary" Madd

It is five types:

(Madd Mutasil – Madd Munfasil – Madd Badl – Madd Al-‘Aarid Lil Sukoon
– Madd lazim)

and we will explain the ruling on each of them in detail.

Madd Mutasil

It is also called the obligatory madd, which is one of the three letters of madd followed by a hamza immediately after it in one word.

In that case, we must do six harakat when connecting the word that contains madd letter with the word that follows it, and by four or five harakat when stopping at the end of the word which has madd letter

An example of the connection: (وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا), in this case it is necessary to extend six movements because the reader connects the word with the next.

An example of stopping: (والسَّمَآءُ) Then you stop, then you complete your reading, and in this case, the extension must be only four or five movements.

Madd Munfasil

Which is where one of the three letters of madd followed by a hamza in the next word.

In that case, the madd is permissible by four or five movements only, and the meaning of the word (permissible) means that it can be extended by four or five movements, and it can be extended by only two movements and it is called qasr.

And for example: (قُوآ أَنفُسَكُمْ), and His saying – the Most High: (بِمَآ أُنزِلَ).

Madd Badal

It is that hamza comes first before one of the three letters of the madd.

In this case, the madd is also permissible, meaning that the reader can extend it by only two harakat, and he can also shorten it, and not extend it at all.

For example: (ءامنوا)، (إيمانًا)، (أُوتوا).

Madd Al-‘Aarid Lil Sukoon

It is that the letter of the madd comes followed by a temporary sakin letter, and the temporary sukoon is what was in the case of a waqf only, meaning that the letter is essentially vowel, but its sukoon is temporary because of stopping on it.

The ruling of the permissibility of stretching is six harakat, or shortening only two harakat, and it is possible to mediate between them, and extending the madd is only four harakat.

And its examples in the Holy Qur’an:

(الْمُسْتَقِيمَ). If the reader stops at this word and does not connect it with the following, the madd of the ya here is a temporary sukoon.

and also like (العالمين)، (الرحيم).

Madd Lazim

It is that after the letter madd comes an original sakin letter in the origin of the word and its linguistic root, and not a temporary sukoon as we mentioned above.

The ruling on this Madd is as necessary as its name, so the Madd here is six necessary Harakat, neither less nor more.

Madd Lazim has two Sections:-

First: Madd Lazim Kalimi

It is divided into two parts

Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthqal: It is when An original sakin letter comes after a madd letter but it is mushaddad, and this is only in words that contain more than three letters.

For Example-: (الضَّآلِّينَ) where the letter Alif was followed by the mushaddad Laam, so the madd required six harakat with completeness and perfection.

Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf: It is when An original sakin letter comes after a madd letter but it is not mushaddad, and this is only in words that contain more than three letters.

For Example: (ءَآلْـَٰٔنَ وَقَدْ عَصَيْتَ قَبْلُ), where the letter Alif was followed by sakin Laam, so the madd required six harakat as a Madd Lazim Kalimi Mukhaffaf

Second: Madd Lazim Harfi

It is divided into two parts

Madd Lazim Harfi Muthqal: It is when An original sakin letter comes after a madd letter but it is mushaddad, and this is only in words that contain three letters.

Like -: (الم) in the beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah

Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf: It is when An original sakin letter comes after a madd letter but it is not mushaddad, And this is in one letter only, which when spelled consists of three letters, the middle of which is a madd letter

Such as: (ص ۚ وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ)

so the spelling of the letter “Saad” is made of three letters: “Saad”, “alif” and “dal”, and “alif” in the middle, which is a letter of madd.

Until here we have briefly mentioned the Rules of the Madd and the amount of its Harakat, and we also have finished many of the Tajweed Rules of the recitation of the Noble Qur’an and the way to read it correctly, free from melody and distortion. necessarily preserve the Arabic language.